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Hello STKO teams,

I am trying to model a masonry wall with horizontal bands; like shown in the figure below: However, since all the edges should have a forceBeam column element property, what property should I attribute to those edges (the ones in yellow): P.S: The RC bands are spandrels, with a fiber section that contains the rebars.

Hi Chaymaa,

I did not understand what you would like to model. Could you please provide more details?

Thank you

Hi Lucy,

I’m trying to model the following wall: It's a masonry wall, with horizontal bands of reinforced concrete. To do so, I started modeling the geometry on STKO as the following: Here attached the model that I've built just to have an idea about it (I still need to fix some errors): So, my question is about the horizontal bands. What should I attribute to the parts I've highlighted in yellow ? To avoid having edges with the force beam column element property; that don't have any physical property.
In the model I've attached below, I've attributed another fiber section to those parts. I don't know if it's the correct way to do it.

Hope it's clear enough now and many thanks for your support.

Hi STKO teams,

I've tried to fix the errors I had last time on my model. It still doesn't converge for the gravity analysis, but the analysis runs at least. Many thanks in advance !

Dear Chaymaa,

The horizontal connections improve the in-plane and out-of-plane strength of masonry.
It is not correct to model the walls as you did. You need to model the equivalent frame in the usual way increasing the wall strength. Typically the shear strength increases of 30/50% you should check the published literature and available tests.

Regards

Dear Lucy,

Can you please explicit what you mean by increasing the wall strength? How can I do it and which parameters should I change exactly? Also, if you have any available published literature in this context, can you please share it with me?

Many thanks.

The shear strength increases due the presence of the lintels. Please check in scopus or web of science.
Some codes discuss the problem (for example the Italian codes)
Regards

Hi Chaymaa,

I found an example for you (there are many):
https://research.tue.nl/en/publications ... of-masonry

Please check the literature, you will find a lot of interesting papers.

Good luck!

Dear Lucy and Clarabella,

Many thanks for your consistent reply and support.

I’ve checked the literature as you recommended, and I found effectively many interesting papers. The axial compression exerted by the out-of-plane walls through the horizontal diaphragms and lintels could increase the base shear capacity of the structure by almost 48%.

However, I still have some questions:

1 – You said that I need to model the equivalent frame in the usual way increasing the wall strength. Does that mean that I should increase the shear law of every component that cross the lintel beam, or I should really increase the final shear capacity at the end of the analysis?

2 – Can I consider all the horizontal reinforced concrete beams that I have, as lintel beams? Aren’t they just the ones above the openings? 3 – I still don’t get what’s wrong with the way I’ve built my model

Best regards!

Dera Chaymaa,

1– You said that I need to model the equivalent frame in the usual way increasing the wall strength. Does that mean that I should increase the shear law of every component that cross the lintel beam, or I should really increase the final shear capacity at the end of the analysis?
No, you need to increase the shear strength of the entire panel, and you don't have to model the lintels

2 – Can I consider all the horizontal reinforced concrete beams that I have, as lintel beams? Aren’t they just the ones above the openings?
No lintels in the model

Attached a picture of how your model should be